The Road to the Cemetery :: Narrative Memoir Essays

The Road to the Cemetery The smell of cigarette smoke was strong; the leather couch reeked of it. Next to the couch was a nick-knack rack and on it were a little china girl, maybe Jill, and a little china boy, Jack; there was a glass wishing well near them too. Little glass dogs, a china cat, some shiny rocks, a little box, and a plastic Hawaii hula baby lived on the rack as well. Grandma opened the doors and all of the windows; today we were to begin cleaning out Aunt Beth's house. I looked out the front door, saw clouds were coming, and in the distance, I saw lightning flash. Today was nothing like those days nearly two weeks ago when Aunt Beth had died, and was then laid to rest. I remember the year my Great Great Aunt Beth died. Being little, people would speak quietly about her declining health and expect my cousins and I not to understand, thinking that they were sheltering us. "She isn't doing well," someone would say. "No She isn't," would be the reply, "and she refuses to take her oxygen when she goes out." "I know, she won't even have it on when someone visits." "It embarrasses her." "It shouldn't lots of people have to have oxygen" "She left it on when I went to visit her the other day, that proves that she's really not feeling very well at all." Another time I was told straight out, "Honey, Aunt Beth doesn't feel well, I don't know if she'll ever get better." This statement was wrong I was sure, she was my Aunt Beth and she would get well. I would look at her sometimes, trying to see why everyone thought she was unwell. She looked like she always had; maybe her back was a little more crooked she had Scoliosis. Her voice was just a little rough and perhaps she coughed a little more. She still gave me a sound hug when I saw her. Aunt Beth did not go on picnics with the family anymore, because she was to old Grandma said. I did know she did not feel well, but she never had felt well as long as I could remember. She did not try to shelter her many nieces, nephews, great nieces and great nephews she knew we would find out sooner or latter. She used to say "My bones ache, my hands hurt, my back aches, I have trouble walking so I had to get me a cane, and I can't sleep for coughing.

Outline of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Introduction Throughout history, humans have been migrating in and out and settling in different areas of the region. Migrating and settling causes people to come together and spread their ideas to others which causes civilizations. Each civilization is created to be equal but separate in their own ways. They are all related to each other in different ways. They have shared similar beliefs, experiences and obstacles. They are both unique culturally, politically and socially. * Thesis: Two civilizations which are similar and different individually are Egypt and Mesopotamia.II. Differences * Geographical Differences 1. Egypt developed North and South hugging the banks of the Nile River Valley. * The Nile River systematically floods which flooded the surrounding banks and made the soil exceptionally rich. * Egypt bordered on the side of sea and dessert which was difficult to invade and conquer it. 2. Mesopotamia has the Tigris and Euphrates River, commonly referred to â€Å"Fertile Cre scent. † * Mesopotamia was formed in between these two rivers. * When Mesopotamia has a flood, they are forced to supply their agricultural lands. Mesopotamia land was easily opened for attack. * Writing Differences 1. Egypt created Hieroglyphics which developed from pictographs to advanced letters. 2. Mesopotamia created cuneiforms which are wedged shaped characters * Political Differences 1. Egypt had a Pharaoh which was passed down from father to son that established a long lasting dynasty. * The Pharaoh was viewed as god-liked and has magical powers. 2. Mesopotamia had a king but their king was usually deposed by invading forces due to the area's poor defensive position. Social Differences 1. In Egypt females had more opportunities to rise in life 2. Mesopotamia had different classes of slaves but all were still treated as properties. * Cultural Differences 1. Egypt did not have a law system set at the time 2. Mesopotamia had the Hammurabi Code which were orders given to c haotic places* Egypt had a longer continuous civilization than Mesopotamia III. Similarities * They were both similar by being polytheistic, believing in more than one god * They both later moved to a sort of monarchy Both of their system led to the creation of strict social classes that usually included a class for priests, traders, farmers and laborers. * Egypt and Mesopotamia both created pyramid structures * These two civilizations both first developed advance systems of writing. * Egypt and Mesopotamia created calendars beginning with the sun’s or moon’s cycle * These two civilizations both used their main rivers for trades and access to a major source of freshwater. * They used their river valleys for water for fertile crops and both have floods. Both of these civilization has structures which organizes classes within groups IV. Conclusion * Restate thesis * Till this day, ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia are still known as a huge impact in history. * Brief summary of the important similarities and differences * Why was the history of these two civilizations important? * What were some things that these civilization spread throughout and the result of it? * How are these two civilization related to today? * Analysis of this essay * End with a personal statement

Meaning and History of the Term Robber Baron

Robber Baron was a term applied to a businessman in the 19th century who engaged in unethical and monopolistic practices, utilized corrupt  political influence, faced almost no business regulation, and amassed enormous wealth. The term itself was not coined in the 1800s, but actually dated back centuries It was originally applied to noblemen in the Middle Ages who functioned as feudal warlords and were literally â€Å"robber barons.† In the 1870s the term began to be used to describe business tycoons, and the usage persisted throughout the rest of the 19th century. The late 1800s and the first decade of the 20th century are sometimes referred to as an age of robber barons. The Rise of Robber Barons As the United States transformed into an industrial society with little regulation of business, it was possible for small numbers of men to dominate crucial industries. Conditions which favored vast accumulations of wealth included the extensive natural resources being discovered as the country expanded, the enormous potential workforce of immigrants arriving in the country, and the general acceleration of business in the years following the Civil War. Railroad builders, in particular, needing political influence to build their railways, became adept at influencing politicians through the use of lobbyists, or in some cases, outright bribery. In the public mind, robber barons were often associated with political corruption. The concept of laissez faire capitalism, which dictated no government regulation of business, was promoted.  Facing few  impediments to creating  monopolies, engaging in  shady stock trading practices,  or exploiting workers, some individuals made enormous fortunes. Examples of Robber Barons As the term robber baron came into common usage, it was often applied to a small group of men. Notable examples were: Cornelius Vanderbilt, owner of steamship lines and railroads.Andrew Carnegie, steel manufacturer.J.P. Morgan, financier, and banker.John D. Rockefeller, founder of Standard Oil.Jay Gould, Wall Street trader.Jim  Fisk, Wall Street trader.Russell Sage, financier. The men who were called robber barons were often  portrayed in a positive light, as â€Å"self-made men† who had helped build the nation and in the process created many jobs for American workers. However, the public mood turned against them in the late 19th century. Criticism from newspapers and social critics began to find an audience. And American workers began to organize in great numbers as the labor movement accelerated. Events in labor history, such as the Homestead Strike and the Pullman Strike, intensified public resentment toward the wealthy. The conditions of workers, when contrasted with the lavish lifestyles of millionaire industrialists, created widespread resentment. Even other businessmen felt exploited by monopolistic practices as it was virtually impossible to compete in some fields. Common citizens became aware that monopolists could more easily exploit workers. There was even a public backlash against the lavish displays of wealth often exhibited by the very wealthy of the age. Critics noted the concentration of wealth as evil or weakness of society, and satirists, such as Mark Twain, derided the showiness of the robber barons as â€Å"the Gilded Age.† In the 1880s journalists such as Nellie Bly performed pioneering work exposing the practices of unscrupulous businessmen. And Blys newspaper, Joseph Pulitzers New York World, positioned itself as the newspaper of the people and often criticized wealthy businessmen. In 1894 the protest march by Coxeys Army drew enormous publicity to a group of protesters who often spoke out against a wealthy ruling class that exploited workers. And the pioneering photojournalist Jacob Riis, in his classic book How the Other Half Lives, helped to highlight the great gap between the wealthy and the suffering poor in New York Citys slum neighborhoods. Legislation Aimed at Robber Barons The public’s increasingly negative view of trusts, or monopolies, transformed into legislation with the passage of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1890. The law did not end the reign of robber barons, but it signaled that the era of unregulated business would be coming to an end. Over time, many of the practices of the robber barons would become illegal as further legislation sought to ensure  fairness in  American business. Sources: The Robber Barons.  Development of the Industrial U.S. Reference Library, edited by Sonia G. Benson, et al., vol. 1: Almanac, UXL, 2006, pp. 84-99. Robber Barons.  Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk, vol. 2, Gale, 2000, pp. 879-880.

Social Media And Its Effects On Society Essay - 881 Words

CHANGE ME OMFG CHANGE ME PLEASE Jergenson, a social media enthusiast, shares his ideas about how people live in constant â€Å"digital dualism† (129) a term coined by the author himself, which is â€Å"the habit of viewing the online and offline as largely distinct,† (129).However, Jergenson argues that being either â€Å"online† or â€Å"offline† doesn’t really exist anymore, that people are perpetually connected even if it’s indirectly. The once separate â€Å"on† and â€Å"off† modes people used to have diminished as social media and technology have embedded themselves into our lives, into our â€Å"source code,† (126). Jergenson argues very strongly that even though people may think they have disconnected from Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and every form of social media and technology, they are still connected in an indirect fashion. Jergenson shares his experiences of seeing many groups playing a game while out to dinner where the first one to chec k their phone pays the tab. He exclaims how people â€Å"boast about their self control over not checking their device, and the table usually reaches a self congratulatory consensus,† because everyone is remaining â€Å"disconnected,† yet we are indirectly connecting ourselves even more. â€Å"How proud of ourselves we are for fighting against the long reach of mobile and social technologies,† (128) Jergenson claims as people pat themselves on the back for not checking the continuously expanding list of social media applications, and we become more and more satisfied as weShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1597 Words   |  7 PagesSociety Crumbles into Smithereens One Post at a Time You are walking out of the new Star Wars movie, posting about how superb it was, when suddenly you are swooped up and thrown in the back of a vehicle. No one would have thought posting about how you were there earlier would provoke such a situation. After all, social networking is â€Å"safe† and â€Å"friendly.† Now, social media is defined as â€Å"A form of electric communication through which users create online communities to share information,† accordingRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1711 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence usually are not the first words you would expect to come to mind when thinking about the term â€Å"social media,† yet with a little digging you will soon realize it could be the perfect description. Social media can be defined as forms of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages and other content. Most often social media is understood as a p ositive concept because of the ways it has allowed us to attain cheap and easilyRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Society1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn a broad sense, Social media refers to elements such as websites, television, blogs, IM, and other applications that enable users to create and share various forms of content such as messages, pictures, and information, or to be able to participate in social networking. Social media depends on web-based applications, which allow a high level of virtual interaction on various levels such as social, professional, and educational levels. Social media has had various contributions to the developmentRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1592 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of vast social media networks has improved our communications and interactions. These networks, such as Facebook and Twitter, are essential to how information is shared and criticized. The Social Media Handbook defines social media as â€Å"networked information services designed to support in-depth interaction, community formation, collaborative opportunities and collaborative work† (Hunsinger, 2014 p.1). Having an account or profile on these sites is more than a social norm; it is a requirementRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1359 Words   |  6 PagesPeople may say social media is good for you but is it really? Everyday, everywhere I always see people on social media calling people bad names, not being able to communicate face to face with each other. Social media, social media, social media†¦ oh what is has done to the world, so many students grades have dropped, criminals PROMOTE crimes. Ultimately, what is at stake here is social media will one day take over the world. People’s safety will be in danger, crimes will increase, people will getRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1601 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent editorial titled â€Å"Hazards of Social Media† on your LinkedIn page on February 10th, 2016. It was very interesting to read your perspective on social media and its effect on society. Having an undergraduate major in Psychology at the University of Southern California and currently conducting research on social media usage at the Brain and Creativity Institute of USC, I have spent significant time researching the issue of social media.Though I agree that social media can be hazardous if not used effectivelyRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society998 Words   |  4 Pagesis bound to be a shift in social norms. As the times change, so does societ al views on acceptable values. One such possibility is the standard value accepted by mainstream society in which the way a female body is sexually portrayed in the media. It appears that society has not only accepted this standard, but has increasingly encouraged a more sexualized representation of the female body. Social media is an informational highway about what is accepted by the larger society and inferred by the individualsRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Society Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has become prominent parts of life for many young people today. Most people engage with social media without stopping to think what the effects are on our lives, whether positive or negative. Are we as a society becoming more concerned with Facebook friends than we are with the people we interact with face-to-face in our daily lives? What will the longterm effects of today s social media use be? There are many positive aspects, but there are equally as many dangers that come withRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1151 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media The Workplaces’ Largest Enemy Being employed means that an individual will in most cases have coworkers and bosses; the environment shared between the employees is known as the workplace. In the time before technology, people being fired from their jobs was not an unheard of situation. The difference now is people are being terminated from their jobs because of something they posted on social media. If this was not the case, it would set a precedent that posting inappropriate or hurtfulRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesIn our modern world, the use of social media is overwhelming and second nature due to the availability. Several people all around the world possess some form of an electronic device that is capable of accessing social media, rather it be Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram, and many more. â€Å"Technology’s rampant popularization over the past decade in terms of social media has meant that texting, Facebook, and Twitter have inevitable take n over as the most efficient ways of communicating with each

Coca Cola Vending Machine Analysis - 802 Words

Coca Cola Company would like to introduce the market with the vending machine technology, a new technology with changed price according to weather, which has been developed and tested in the lab internally. The thought is to be based on the idea of automatically adjusting the price according to the demand increase as the weather temperature increases. The purpose of this strategy is to continue increasing the vending machine profit, which had been already main the profit resource for the company. It is an ideal thought of relating priced directly with the weather temperature but impractical. If it is applied into the market, there are below negative results: ï  ¬ It will have weaker competition while another vending machine is nearby with†¦show more content†¦Ã¯  ¬ Price fluctuation will confuse the consumers a lot and could not have consumers accept the idea. Finally it might impair Coca brand. Consumers would prefer a fair/constant price or a comparable fair/constant price from a company. Consumers would feel discrimination of buying a product with different prices in a short period in a temperature fluctuation season. For the people often do travel in a short time, they will obviously view the price change in different regions because the temperature changes in different regions. They will feel unfair to find other regions hold lower or higher price than their home town. Meanwhile, the changeable price will confuse the consumer to understand the reason especially the competitor holds the constant price. Consumer would not understand why the price changes so often while the competitor keeps the same price. Distrust might rise up and it will give the good reason that consumers chase for competitors product because of the trust is impaired. It takes a long time to educate and coach consumers to understand the reason of price changes. Even if after education and coach, most of the consumers would not accept the idea because the competitor keeps the constant price. Therefore, from consumer point, we could not see the good reasons of support from consumers. Nevertheless, it has the risk of impairing Coca reputation and influence. ï  ¬ Potentially fluctuate price in the vending machine will impact the retail channel, bothShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : Coca Cola Company1514 Words   |  7 PagesThe part I wrote about was on the customer s perspective and on how to increase revenues for the Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola is a much loved product in the U.S.A. and in other countries. Coca-Cola is the most consumed soda pop in the world today. The company was founded by John Pemberton in the 1886. The logo for the company does has changed from when the company first started but, in years today it is not that different from the 1886. They still keep the same form of the lettering. The companyRead MoreCoca Cola As American Favorite Soda Company1255 Words   |  6 PagesCoca Cola being American favorite soda company drinks for years. The company it self has own over dozen of brands in the past years like diet coke, sprite, Fanta, fuze, Mello Yello, Dasani, and many more. Embry Investment Group (EIG) are inter ested in investing in a company that would be a great beneficial to them. In this report will show why EIG should invest Coca Cola and how it could be a successful business if the EIG were to invest in Coca Cola. Finally, the report will end in a conclusionRead MoreEssay about The Coca-Cola Company1076 Words   |  5 PagesIndustry General Description The Coca-Cola Company - American multinational corporation operates in a nonalcoholic segment of Beverage Industry. The history of the industry goes back to the 17th century, when the first marketed soft drink came to the Western Market. The Beverage Industry product portfolio consists of soft drinks, carbonated beverages, and alcoholic beverages. Kinds of drinks in a non-alcoholic segment varies a lot and includes such beverages as tea, coffee, juices, carbonated drinksRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Coca Cola Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Coca-Cola Company is considered one of the largest distributors, marketers and manufactures of soft drink syrups and concentrates internationally (Bodden, 2009). Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, in America, it is popularly known for its Coca-Cola flagship product, and is among the biggest corporations in the United States. Presently, Coca-Cola is a globally known soft drink company with further ambitious plans of growing the brand to places it has no presence. The majority ofRead MoreSoft Drinks : An Organization s Vision, Mission, And People Strategies And Values1158 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The primary subject matter of the research, analysis of Soft Drinks especially with the Coca-Cola Company is to ensure that the enterprise is studying the organization s vision, mission, and people strategies and values. The research leads to the purpose that is ongoing. It declares the drive according to Coca-Cola Company as a corporation and serves as the benchmark in opposition to the one that will consider the corporation’s actions and decisions. 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The company produces finished product in cans and bottles. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise the resulting Coca-Cola product to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service

Chico Mendes Sample Essay Example For Students

Chico Mendes Sample Essay Francisco Alves Mendes Filho. better known as Chico Mendes ( December 15. 1944 – December 22. 1988 ) . was a Brazilian gum elastic tapster. trade brotherhood leader and conservationist. He fought to continue the Amazon rain forest. and advocated for the human rights of Brazilian provincials and autochthonal peoples. He was assassinated by a rancher on December 22. 1988. The Chico Mendes Institute for Conservation of Biodiversity ( Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade ) . a organic structure under the legal power of the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment. is named in his award. Francisco â€Å"Chico† Alves Mendes Filho was born on December 15. 1944 in the town of Seringal Santa Fe . outside of Xapuri. He was the boy of a second-generation gum elastic tapster. Francisco Mendes. and his married woman. Irace. Chico was one of 17 siblings—only six of whom survived childhood. At age 9. Chico began work as a gum elastic tapster. Schools were by and large prohibited on the gum elastic plantations. The proprietors did non desire the workers being able to read and make arithmetic. because they would so be probably to detect they were being exploited. Mendes did non larn to read until he was 18 old ages old. Activism Chico Mendes with his kidsAt first I thought I was contending to salvage gum elastic trees. so I thought I was contending to salvage the Amazon rain forest. Now I realise I am contending for humanity. —Chico Mendes To salvage the rain forest. Chico Mendes and the gum elastic workers brotherhood asked the authorities to put up militias as they wanted people to utilize the wood without damaging it. The Xapuri Rubber Tappers Union was created in 1970. and Chico was elected as its president. Mendes played a cardinal function in the creative activity of the National Council of Rubber Tappers in the mid-1980s. Mendes’ group besides had strong ties with the National Campaign for the Defense and Development of the Amazon. and helped locally organize Workers’ Party support. When the first meeting of this new brotherhood was held in 1985. in the capital Brasilia. gum elastic tapsters from all over the state came. The treatment expanded from the menaces to their ain supports to the larger issues of deforestation. route pavement. and cattle ranching. The meeting besides had the consequence of catching the attending of the international conservationist motion. and foregrounding their predi cament to a larger audience. The group embraced a larger confederation with environmentalism. instead than rigorous Marxism. in malice of the bourgeois associations of the former. Another consequence of these treatments was the coining of the construct and the term â€Å"extractive reserves† . In November of that twelvemonth. Adrian Cowell. an English film maker. filmed much of the proceedings of this meeting as portion of a docudrama he was doing approximately Mendes. which aired in 1990. Mendes believed that trusting on gum elastic tapping entirely was non sustainable. and that the seringueiros needed to develop more holistic. concerted systems that used a assortment of forest merchandises. such as nuts. fruit. oil. and fibres ; and that they needed to concentrate on edifice strong communities with choice instruction for their kids. In March 1987. the Environmental Defense Fund and National Wildlife Federation flew Mendes to Washington. D. C. in an effort to convert the Inter-American Development Bank. World Bank. and U. S. Congress to back up the creative activity of extractive militias. Mendes won several awards for his work. including the United Nations Environmental Program Global 500 Roll of Honor Award in 1987. and the National Wildlife Federation’s National Conservation Achievement Award in 1988. In 1987 a adult male called Darly Alves Da Silva bought the plantation where the gum elastic workers brotherhood were working and tried to drive them off the land to construct a spread. They stood house and the authorities made it into a modesty. In 1988. Mendes launched a run to halt rancher Darly Alves da Silva from logging an country that was planned as a modesty. Mendes non merely managed to halt the planned deforestation and make the modesty. but besides gained a warrant for Darly’s apprehension. for a slaying committed in another province. He delivered the warrant to the federal constabulary. but it was neer acted upon. Character assassination .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 , .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 .postImageUrl , .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 , .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24:hover , .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24:visited , .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24:active { border:0!important; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24:active , .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24 .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udacd3f7715315d83ffe73e634b4a3b24:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Purpose of Life EssayOn the eventide of Thursday. December 22. 1988. Mendes was assassinated in his Xapuri place by Darly Alves district attorney Silva. a rancher. The hiting took topographic point precisely one hebdomad after Mendes’ 44th birthday. when he had predicted he would â€Å"not unrecorded until Christmas† . Mendes was the 19th rural militant to be murdered that twelvemonth in Brazil. Many felt that although the test was continuing against the existent slayers. that the function of the ranchers’ brotherhood. the Rural Democratic Union. and the Brazilian Federal Police was ignored. In December. 1990. rancher Darly Alves district attorney Si lva. his boy Darly Alves district attorney Silva Jr. . and their ranch manus. Jerdeir Pereia. were sentenced to 19 old ages in prison for their portion in Mendes’ blackwash. In February. 1992. they won a retrial. claiming that the prosecution’s primary informant ( Chico’s married woman ) was biased. The strong belief was upheld. and they remained in prison. In 1993. they escaped from gaol. along with seven other captives. by sawing through the bars of their prison window. All were recaptured. except for Darly Jr. . who was as of 2004 still at big. Mendes’ slaying made international headlines. and led to an spring of support for the gum elastic tappers’ and environmental motions. In March 1989. a 3rd meeting was held for the National Council of Rubber Tappers. and the Alliance of Forest Peoples was created to protect gum elastic tapsters. rural workers. and autochthonal peoples from invasion on traditional lands. Thankss in portion to the international media attending environing the slaying. the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve was created in the country where he lived. More than 20 such militias. along the same lines as Mendes had proposed. now cover more than 8 million estates ( 32. 000 km? ) . The musical group Mana made a vocal about the decease of Mendes. The vocal was titled â€Å"Cuando los Angeles Lloran† . mentioning to Mendes as an angel that has died. Paul McCartney dedicated the vocal â€Å"How Many People† from his 1989 album Flowers In The Dirt to the memory of Mendes. Mendes was portrayed by Raul Julia in the 1994 telemovie The Burning Season.

Representation of gender in media

Introduction It is amazing to note that some people spend more time feeding on media content than doing an assignment, exercising or even sleeping. While this may be a leisure activity for some people, the impact of media cannot be underestimated today (Bennett 2005, p. 12). This assessment essay focuses on the issue of gender representation in media, with regard to image, roles and stereotypes.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Representation of gender in media specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Media representation What is media representation? According to media theorists, representation refers to any model in any medium that defines a real aspect, say, people, events, objects, places and cultural identities among countless abstract concepts. Such representation may be written, spoken or expressed in moving pictures. In defining media representation, the end products are also considered through the constructi on of one’s identity. For instance, an issue like â€Å"gaze† may consider how women look at images of women, men at women or even women at men (Bennett 2005, p. 12). An important point to note is that all texts are always constructed irrespective of how realistic they may appear. They do not represent mere recordings or reproduction of pre-existing circumstances that are real (Briggs Cobley 2002, p. 10). Additionally, representations may become familiar and natural when they are used constantly. As a result, such denotations may become acceptable by the general public because of their recurring nature. Although it is never taken with a lot of emphasis, there is always need to interpret representations in order to appreciate the intended meaning. Due to this assumption, most people end up making modality judgments towards various representations through the media. Above all, representation is unavoidable; it always exits even when we have no idea about its existence. As a result, its impact in human life is inevitable. Gender and media representation Gender is arguably the basic element of identification commonly used to categorize human beings as men or women. Nevertheless, the concept of gender is also sensitive and of immense significance in discussing media representation (Laughey 2009, p. 10).Advertising Looking for assessment on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Based on this element, each group identifies its members through similarities that are either inherent or borrowed from the surrounding in order to find a suitable and definitive description. In other words, human beings tend to obey the acceptable definition of man or woman by identifying themselves with certain elements. In the understanding of media representation, it is worth noting that there are several objects, which are usually represented even though they may not necessarily be human (Dines Humez 2010, p. 3). This representation usually aims at giving that item feminine or masculine characteristics. From a simple understanding, masculinity is associated with hard, tough and sweaty issues while feminine objects appear fragrant, fragile and soft. Common objects represented with either a masculine or feminine-touch include but not limited to, smart phones, running shoes, bottled beer, an airline and a sports car. Representation of role models As mentioned above, media plays a significant role in shaping our lives and understanding of what it means to be a man or woman. No one can deny that role models do have impact on millions of people consuming media content (Andrews Jackson 2001, p. 20). Role models are supposed to influence the society positively. Is this how they are represented? Whether in a commercial advert or any representation, prominent people are usually used to define men and women in a different way. It is however important to ask how these role models represent vari ation of men and women. In other words, representation of men and women through the media may not necessarily reflect the identity of an entire generation or society (Bennett 2005, p. 5). In fact, some theorists argue that gender representation is undoubtedly based on stereotypes among various people. At this point, it is imperative to affirm that stereotypic representation of men and women using role models usually exerts negative effects on the society. For example, people tend to identify themselves with particular personalities by emulating their lifestyle in terms of dress code, dietary or even the way of talking (Bucy 2002, p. 20).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Representation of gender in media specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Media stereotyping Does media represent the true image of men and women? Stereotyping is not a new term in the media industry especially with regard to how men and women are r epresented. In fact, stereotyping in media cannot be avoided and it is a common phenomenon in news, advertising and entertainment industries (Carrington 2010, p. 138). What is not known to many people is the fact that media stereotypes act as hints or codes, which help viewers, listeners or readers to figure out an individual or group of people, with regard to social class, occupation or ethnicity among other aspect of identity. Notably, media stereotypes have a wide range of negative effects. For example, the manner in which men and women are represented may reduce their inherent differences into classes of people defined by simple traits (Giddings Lister 2011, p. 10). Similarly, stereotypes affect the manner in which people perceive life. They change perceptions into realities, such that people may begin to actualize the image represented by the media. In some cases, media stereotypes are used to erroneously justify some positions, say, for leaders in power. This can be misleadin g to the public, as they may adopt a misguided meaning of leadership and power (Carrington 2010, p. 138). It has to be mentioned that groups of people who are prone to being stereotyped usually have minimum or no influence in determining their representation. Based, on this argument, media stereotypes have a significant impact on the society. Women and men representation in media Under normal circumstance, one would expect the media to represent men and women positively. Is this the case? No! From TV shows to fashion magazines on the streets, women have always been represented negatively. Think of advertising agents and women. Almost every advert, whether for cars or food, carries the image of a woman (Cashmore 2006, p. 98). Popular female personalities appear to have peculiar features like extreme thinness, bleached skins and always becoming younger in spite of their advanced age. It is very common to find media adverts or articles influencing women to adopt certain beauty standard s perceived to be more appealing and acceptable than their natural outlook even though some of the conditions may be unattainable (Hills Kennedy 2009, p. 13).Advertising Looking for assessment on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is viewed that economics of beauty play a major role. By insisting on an ideal figure, body size and skin color, cosmetic and diet industries enhance continuity of their business as they have a ready market (Livingstone 2002, p. 77). Importantly, insecure women are more prone to acquiring these products as compared to those who are comfortable with their body images. In order to achieve these extreme and unattainable standards, most women resort to unhealthy eating habits like induced vomiting, skipping meals or even opting for diet aids (Creeber Martin 2009, p. 5). Magazines, movies and television emphasize the need for ladies to have a thin body, associating it with wealth, prosperity, love and a happy life. Besides body image, media represents women as sex objects. TV, movies and magazines carry ads which imply that a woman’s body is supposed to be sexually active and attractive. In terms of professionalism, women are underrepresented. Mainstream media concentrates on having men as main news presenters while women are allowed to report on minor issues like domestic violence and accidents (Cashmore 2006, p.188). Are men exempted from negative representation? The truth is that men are differently represented in the media. In most cases, men are seen to be in control of others, aggressive, physically appealing and financially stable (Dworkin Heywood 2003, p. 65). This representation has far-reaching implications on the society, as boys and men assimilate what that they consume from the media into their daily lives. They therefore tend to be in control of every situation in life and may resort to aggression in cases where they find resistance, emulating how male characters carry themselves in media (Wenner 1998, p. 27). Male stereotypes in media are grouped into five classes as follows. The joker presents men as people who lack seriousness, while the jock fights in life and finds approval in the eyes of men. On the other hand, the strong silent type portrays a decisive man who is always in control (Rowe 2011, p. 20). The big shot denotes a professionally, socially and economically stable man, in possession of societal dreams like wealth and power. Lastly, the action hero man is angry and violent. All these representations affect the manner in which the society perceives men, how men define their position in the society and how boys define masculinity (Whannel 2001, p. 1). As a major marketing tool, advertising ought to communicate the intended message in the most appropriate manner. As a result, men and women can be used in wooing customers in the business world, in a positive way. However, researchers affirm that most ads designed for men are common during sports shows. Accordingly, women are rarely featured, with stereotypes taking center stage among a few that are considered. In extreme cases, women are represented as gifts given to men who have the capability of choosing the best products on the market (Wenner 1998, p. 27) . With regard to beer commercials, most ads carry slim and white men, who attract women. Additionally, adverts present men as powerful and masculine. They therefore dominate, while women are stereotypically portrayed as slender and on special diet. This approach has negative impact on the society through emulation of certain traits by people who feed on media content. Conclusion From this assessment, it is clear that media plays an immense role in shaping human life, through information. Nevertheless, representation of gender in media is a debatable issue that continues to affect the society today. There is no doubt that some of the vices observed like scanty dressing, poor eating disorders and violence are directly or indirectly propagated by the media through stereotyping; both men and women are victims. Reference List Andrews, D Jackson, S 2001, Sport Stars: The Cultural Politics of Sporting Celebrity, Routledge, London. Bennett, A 2005, Culture and Everyday Life, SAGE, London. Briggs, A Cobley, P 2002, The Media: An Introduction, Longman, Harlow. Bucy, E 2002, Living in the Information Age: A New Media Reader, Wadsworth New York. Carrington, B 2010, Race, Sport and Politics, Sage, London. Cashmore, E 2006, Celebrity/Culture, Routledge, London. Creeber, G Martin, R 2009, Digital Cultures: Understanding New Media, Open University Press, Michigan. Dines, G Humez, R 2010, Gender Race and Class in the Media, Routledge, London. Dworkin, S Heywood, L 2003, Built to win: The female athlete as cultural icon, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Giddings, S Lister, M 2011, The New Media and Techno-cultures Reader, Routledge, London. Hills, L Kennedy, E 2009, Sport, Media and Society, Berg, Oxford. Laughey, D 2009, Media Studies: Theories and approaches, Oldcastle Books, Harpenden. Livingstone, S 2002, Young People and New Media, Sage, London. Rowe, D 1998, Global Media Sport: Flows, Forms and Futures, Bloomsbury, London. Wenner, L 1998, Media Sport, Ro utledge, New York. Whannel, G 2001, Media Sport Stars: Masculinities and Moralities, Routledge, London. 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