Teotihuacan Place Of The Gods Essays - Teotihuacan, Dragons

Teotihuacan: Place Of The Gods Teotihuacan: Place of the Gods Research Paper History of Civilization I Teotihuacan, the name of the magnificent and dramatic urban center about thirty-three miles north-east of modern day Mexico City, has been variously translated from the Nahua language of the Aztec people as ?the dwelling place of the gods? and ?the place where men become gods?. (Baldwin) Names of the city and buildings all come from the Aztecs. It is believed that their religion was composed of a female deity, the ?Great Goddess?, who dominated cave and mountain ritual, divination, and may have also had solar associations. While a male god, the ?Storm God?, presided over water and violent weather. (Miller, M) Around 100 BCE the city started to form from clusters of agricultural villages, and by 200 CE Teotihuacan was growing rapidly into a very large city and civilization. It reached its peak by about 500 CE where the population possibly reached anywhere from 125,000 to more than 200,000. There were more than 500 workshops for objects of wood, ceramic, and obsidian. Obsidian was one of the areas strategic resources. (Miller, R) Due it its size, structure, and all around magnificence Teotihuacan was the first truly urban Mesoamerican civilization. Teotihuacan was formatted in a type of grid shape. (See picture 1 and 2) It was centered on what was called ?Miccaotli?(Miller, M) or ?the Avenue of the Dead? which runs from north to south. (See picture 3 and 4) The now dry San Juan River bed transverses the avenue from east to west. This river may have been one of the main water supplies and a good reason for the rise of such a massive civilization. This ceremonial center of the city is about 1.2 miles long and is spanned by the cities three major structures. At the north end is the Pyramid of the Moon. Beyond the summit of the Pyramid of the Moon there stands the dun-colored ?Cero Gordo?, the Big Mountain. (See picture 5) Its ancient name is ?Tenan?, Mother of the waters. (Baldwin) The Pyramid of the Moon stands about 138 feet high and features a huge open courtyard. The pyramid is dedicated to the ?Great Goddess? who is said to have provided the springs of water and other religious purposes as mentioned earlier. Southeast of the Pyramid of the Moon rises the Pyramid of the Sun. (see picture 6) This pyramid has five sloping tiers with platforms, and stands about 213 feet high. It is one of the largest pre-Columbian structures and even one of the largest in North America for a while. This massive structure was constructed of dirt, rock, and like the other structures, was faced with stone that was stuccoed and brightly painted. It was built over a multi-chambered cave and is thought that this symbolizes perhaps the commemorated human creation and the emergence from caves. (Miller, M) The last major structure of Teotihuacan is on the right at the start of the ?Avenue of the Dead? in the south of the great city. The ?Temple of the Plumed (Feathered) Serpent or Quetzalcoatl? was the last temple to be built. (See picture 7) It had seven original tiers that displayed exactly 365 heads. The heads are of the fanged, feather-collared serpent the Teotihuancan worshipped as the god of warfare and blood sacrifice. (Pasztory) Each head is about four tons. The snout is square and open, and the jaw is fanged similar to that of a jaguar. The nose, too, is feline, and the eyes are black circles. (See picture 8) There have been over 100 skeletons, almost all victims of what must have been massive human sacrifice rituals, apparently dedications to the cult of war. (Baldwin) In the grid pattern of the city each section contained apartments built around enclosed patios and courtyards. Most of the residents probably lived from the cultivation of adjacent lands. Evidence of irrigation channels for those fields suggests competence in hydraulic engineering as well as advanced agronomic technology. (Miller, R) Archaeology has produced evidence of ethnic neighborhoods and barrios of craft specialists, and all were contained within the grid. There are no written records, except for some glyphs, to document the rise and fall of the

Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman and The Crucible essays

Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman and The Crucible essays Arthur Miller, winner of many literary and dramatic awards, is an incredibly influential force in American drama. His plays deal with issues common to every society. He makes the audience face fault, weakness, and ignorance; subjects we would typical hide from. At the same time he emphasizes strength, human spirit, and familial love. Alice Griffin believes that Miller's plays are important internationally (xii). He belongs to an international theater rather than a regional theater (Heilman 170). His plays are staged and studied by students to understand American life in Russia, P and, Iceland, Brazil, Italy, France, Germany, Czech Republic, and China to name a few (Griffin xi). Miller's works thrived in England. The University of East Angelia named it's center the Arthur Miller Centre (Griffin 1). They can relate to the sense f identity, honor, recognition, and familial love (Griffin Preface). In a production in Beijing, Miller explained to a Chinese actor playing Biff the son's feelings of guilt and "painfully requited" love for his father, the actor understood as it is v y Chinese (Morath 79). The phenomenon of Death of a Salesman has been the same all over the world. Audiences all have a sense of their life story of their father, uncle, or brother (Griffin 35). In real life Miller had an Uncle Manny who had two sons ho were in competition with Miller and his brother. Manny ended his own life because he failed at business. Miller's personal history is demonstrated in his sensitive and passionate writing in Death of a Salesman (Griffin 41). The Crucible (1952) was originally intended to be called Those Familiar Spirits, referring to a spirit that a witch presumably sends out to torment her victims. However, the well area at the bottom of a blast furnace is known as the crucible, it is whe the molten steels collects being entirely broken down due to immense heat. Miller thought that this was a p...

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower Essay - 1

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower - Essay Example an be produced in different scales namely; large hydro (more than 10megawatts), small hydro (upto10 megawatts), micro hydro (up to 100kw) and pico hydro (up to 5kw). One major advantage of hydroelectric power is that the operational cost of a hydroelectric plant is almost immune to the increase in the cost of fossils fuel and, more so, absolutely no imports are required for the same. Hydropower is a clean source of energy with absolutely no emissions of Carbon Dioxide, and, therefore, no pollution to the environment. Global warming is also minimized. The hydropower dams can be used as a habitat for some fish and wildlife. More so, the water can be used for irrigation purposes, and they also make the surrounding area around fertile (Scheer 45). Additionally, electricity can be produced at a constant rate and electricity generation can be stopped when it is not needed by closing sluice gates. Therefore, water can be stored for some time when there is less demand for electricity. Since dams can stay for a longer period of time it can be used to store water there is no high demand of power (Somma 56). Besides the advantages, there exist demerits of hydropower. The turbines used can have negative effect on the fish population as in some fish are killed as water go through the turbine. A dam therefore, changes wildlife and fish in a place as well as landscape. More so, hydropower has an impact on local population. Individuals who live in places that are flooded are forced to move out of their places, thus farms and businesses may be lost. People, at times, may be forced to move out their residential to give space for dam construction. Additionally, dams consume a lot of space for their construction and are usually constructed on marginalized land that is wooded. Therefore, it is necessary to cut down trees, which can be dangerous to our environment since the trees act as carbon dioxide sinks which may be harmful. This may be risky to an environment. Finally, on it is